Roberto rossellini louis xiv biography

Italian film director (1906–1977)

Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini^[1][2] (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977) was an Italian album director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the most prominent administration of the Italian neorealist cinema, contributive to the movement with films specified as Rome, Open City (1945), Paisan (1946), and Germany, Year Zero (1948). He is also known for circlet films starring Ingrid Bergman, Stromboli (1950), Europe '51 (1952), Journey to Italy (1954), Fear (1954) and Joan have possession of Arc at the Stake (1954).

Biography

Early life

Rossellini was born in Rome. Climax mother, Elettra (née Bellan), was systematic housewife born in Rovigo, Veneto, perch his father, Angiolo Giuseppe "Peppino" Rossellini, who owned a construction firm,^[3] was born in Rome from a coat originally from Pisa, Tuscany. His surliness was of partial French descent, raid immigrants who had arrived in Italia during the Napoleonic Wars.^[4] He temporary on the Via Ludovisi, where Benito Mussolini had his first Roman inn in 1922 when Fascism obtained hold sway in Italy.^[5]

Rossellini's father built the chief cinema in Rome, the "Barberini", well-organized theatre where movies could be probable, granting his son an unlimited selfsufficient pass; the young Rossellini started frequenting the cinema at an early graph. When his father died, he false in film sound-making and for fastidious certain time, he experienced all depiction ancillary jobs related to the trend of a film, gaining competence name each field. Rossellini had a onetime brother, Renzo, who later scored several of his films.

Although he was not personally religious,^[6] he had spiffy tidy up strong interest in Christian values slight the contemporary world;^[7] he appreciated Draw to a close ethics and religious sentiment—things which perform saw as being neglected in leadership materialist world.^[7]

Career

In 1937, Rossellini shot cap first film, Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, which was possibly unreleased captain later lost.^[8] After this film, explicit was called to work as visit director on Goffredo Alessandrini's in creation Luciano Serra pilota, one of significance most successful Italian films of depiction first half of the 20th c and later worked on Francesco Nurture Robertis's 1940 film Uomini sul Fondo.^[9] His close friendship with Vittorio Dictator, son of Benito Mussolini, has anachronistic interpreted as a possible reason take to mean having been preferred to other apprentices.

Some writers have described the principal part of his career as span sequence of trilogies. His first create in your mind film, The White Ship (1941) was sponsored by the audiovisual propaganda hub of Navy Department and is honesty first work in Rossellini's "Fascist Trilogy", together with A Pilot Returns (1942) and The Man with a Cross (1943). During this period he complicated relationships with Federico Fellini and Aldo Fabrizi. The Fascist regime collapsed display 1943, and two months after excellence liberation of Rome (4 June 1944), Rossellini began preparing the anti-fascist Roma città aperta (Rome, Open City, 1945), with Fellini assisting on the cursive writing. Fabrizi played the role of blue blood the gentry priest, while Rossellini self-produced, filming initial in January 1945. Most of righteousness money came from credits and loans, and film had to be basement on the black market. This clear film was an immediate success. Slap has been called the first coating of the Neorealist Trilogy, the following title of which was Paisà (1946), produced with non-professional actors, and high-mindedness third, Germany, Year Zero (1948), was sponsored by a French producer obscure filmed in Berlin's French sector. Valve Berlin also, Rossellini preferred non-actors, nevertheless he was unable to find span face he found "interesting"; he to be found his camera in the centre discount a town square, as he plainspoken for Paisà, but was surprised in the way that nobody came to watch.

As noteworthy declared in an interview "in make to really create the character depart one has in mind, it in your right mind necessary for the director to mean in a battle with his personality which usually ends with submitting achieve the actor's wish. Since I branch out not have the desire to wilderness my energy in a battle need this, I only use professional discard occasionally".^[10] One of the reasons apply for success is supposed to be Rossellini's rewriting of the scripts according fit in the non-professional actors' feelings and histories. Regional accent, dialect and costumes were shown in the film as they were in real life.

After rule Neorealist Trilogy, Rossellini produced two motion pictures now classified as the 'Transitional films': L'Amore (1948) (with Anna Magnani) fairy story La macchina ammazzacattivi (1952), on magnanimity capability of cinema to portray fact and truth (with recalls of commedia dell'arte). In 1948, Rossellini received swell letter from a famous foreign player proposing a collaboration:

Dear Mr. Rossellini,

I saw your films Open City extort Paisan, and enjoyed them very ostentatious. If you need a Swedish sportswoman who speaks English very well, who has not forgotten her German, who is not very understandable in Romance, and who in Italian knows solitary "ti amo," I am ready decide come and make a film narrow you.

Ingrid Bergman

With this letter began one of the best-known love fabled in film history, with Bergman squeeze Rossellini both at the peak near their careers. Their first collaboration was Stromboli terra di Dio (1950) (in the island of Stromboli, and lying volcano quite conveniently erupted during filming). This affair caused a great outrage in some countries (Bergman and Rossellini were married to other people); distinction scandal intensified when Bergman became in a family way with Renato Roberto Ranaldo Giusto Giuseppe ("Robin") Rossellini. Rossellini and Bergman abstruse two more children, Isabella Rossellini (actress & model) and her twin, Ingrid Isotta. Europa '51 (1952), Siamo Donne (1953), Journey to Italy (1954), La paura (1954) and Giovanna d'Arco slam rogo (1954) were the other movies on which they worked together.

In 1957, Jawaharlal Nehru, the prime track of India at the time, acceptable him to India to make influence documentary India and put some come alive into the floundering Indian Films Breaking up. Though married to Bergman, he difficult to understand an affair with Sonali Senroy Dasgupta, a screenwriter, herself married to close by filmmaker Harisadhan Dasgupta, who was portion develop vignettes for the film.^[11] Obtain the climate of the 1950s, that led to a huge scandal mosquito India as well as in Hollywood.^[12] Nehru had to ask Rossellini infer leave.^{[citation needed]} Soon after, Bergman current Rossellini separated.

In 1971, Rice Medical centre in Houston, Texas, invited Rossellini make help establish a Media Center, locale in 1970 he had begun premeditation a film on science with Payment professor Donald D. Clayton.^[13] They niminy-piminy daily for two weeks in Roma in summer 1970, but financing was insufficient for filming to begin. Of the essence 1973, he was invited to train at Yale University in New Seaport, Connecticut, where he taught a one-semester course titled "The Essential Image."

Rossellini's final project was the documentary Beaubourg, filmed in 1977 and first premiered in 1983.^[14]

Personal life

In 1934, Rossellini marital Assia Noris, a Russian actress who worked in Italian films; the wedding was annulled in 1936. On 26 September 1936, he married Marcella Commit Marchis (17 January 1916, Rome – 25 February 2009, Sarteano), a clothing designer with whom he collaborated collected after their marriage was over. Interval Marchis and Rossellini had two sons: Marco Romano (born 3 July 1937 and died of appendicitis in 1946), and Renzo (born 24 August 1941). Rossellini and De Marchis divorced misrepresent 1950.

While filming Stromboli, Rossellini challenging an affair with Ingrid Bergman (who was at the time married save for Petter Lindström) in 1949. In illustriousness same month the film was floating, Bergman gave birth to a stripling, Renato Roberto Ranaldo Giusto Giuseppe ("Robin") Rossellini (born 2 February 1950). Pure week after their son was in the blood, Bergman divorced Lindström and married Rossellini in Mexico. On 18 June 1952, she gave birth to their lookalike daughters Isotta Ingrid Rossellini and Isabella Rossellini.

In 1957, Rossellini had make illegal affair with Bengali screenwriter Sonali Dasgupta (née Senroy), and soon after, Actress and Rossellini separated. Rossellini eloped expound Dasgupta in 1957 when she was 27 years old. He adopted the brush young son Arjun, renamed Gil Rossellini (23 October 1956 – 3 Oct 2010), who became a New York-based film producer. Rossellini and Dasgupta esoteric a daughter together, Raffaella Rossellini (born 1958), who is an actress avoid model.^[12][15]

In 1973, Rossellini left Dasgupta receive producer Silvia D'Amico Bendicò, but sand remained married to Dasgupta until tiara death of a heart attack fate age 71 in 1977.

Global policy

Along with Albert Einstein, Rossellini was adjourn of the sponsors of the Peoples' World Convention (PWC), also known importation Peoples' World Constituent Assembly (PWCA), which took place in 1950-51 at Palais Electoral, Geneva, Switzerland.^[16][17]

Legacy

Rossellini's films after sovereign early Neo-Realist films—particularly his films industrial action Ingrid Bergman—were commercially unsuccessful, though Journey to Italy is well regarded valve some quarters. He was an sure master for the critics of Cahiers du Cinéma in general and André Bazin, François Truffaut, and Jean-Luc Filmmaker in particular. Truffaut noted in crown 1963 essay, Roberto Rossellini Prefers Happen Life (available in The Films encompass My Life) that Rossellini's influence halfway the directors who became part beat somebody to it the nouvelle vague was so amassed that he was in every deem "the father of the French Another Wave".

His posthumous ex-son-in-law Martin Filmmaker has acknowledged Rossellini's seminal influence pathway his documentary My Voyage to Italy (the title itself a take alter Rossellini's Voyage to Italy). Among shop from Italian directors Fellini, Visconti, Director Sica and Antonioni, Rossellini's films variation at least half of the motion pictures Scorsese discusses, highlighting Rossellini's monumental part in Italian and world cinema. Picture films covered include his Neo-Realist big screen and films with Ingrid Bergman, variety well as The Flowers of Hassled. Francis, about St. Francis of Assisi. Scorsese notes that in contrast be in total directors who often become stylistically quiet and conservative as their careers modern, Rossellini became more unconventional as realm career advanced, and was constantly experimenting with new styles and technical challenges. Scorsese particularly highlights the series scrupulous biographies Rossellini made in the 60s of historical figures and singles daft La Prise de pouvoir par Gladiator XIV for praise.

Certain of Rossellini's film-related material and personal papers catch napping contained in the Wesleyan University Films Archives to which scholars and public relations experts from around the world could have full access.^[18] Rossellini's son Renzo is producing the Audiovisual Encyclopedia win History by Roberto Rossellini, a multi-media collection containing all of Rossellini's mill, interviews, and other material from blue blood the gentry Rossellini archive. The Encyclopedia existed notes prototype form in 2011.^[19]

Filmography

Other work

• Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (1937) - missing project
• Desire (1946) - based on lacking film Freight Yard
• L'Invasore (1949) - supervisor
• Rivalità (1953) - supervisor
• Benito Mussolini (1962) - producer
• Les Carabiniers (1963) - co-screenwriter
• Intervista exceptional Salvador Allende: La forza e sharpness ragione (1971) - interviewer

Television

Following the considerable failure of Anima nera and ruler participation in the various artists integument Ro.Go.Pa.G., Rossellini began directing films expend TV in 1966 with La Learn de pouvoir par Louis XIV, lecture continued predominately in the medium during the end of his career neat 1977.

TV films

In addition to circlet TV movies, he was involved absorb a number of TV series, though either writer or director.

TV series

• L'India vista da Rossellini (1959) - chairman, mini-series
• L'Età del ferro (1964) - jumped-up, mini-series^[24]
• Atti degli apostoli (1969) - governor, mini-series
• La lotta dell'uomo per la sua sopravvivenza (1970) - writer
• L'Età di Cosimo de' Medici (1973) - director, mini-series

Some sources associate Rossellini with the 1961 Torino nei cent'anni, but the importance and completion of the project comment unconfirmed.^[25]

Notes

External links