Jm coetzee biography

Author

Born John Maxwell Coetzee, February 9, 1940, in Cape Region, South Africa; married, 1963 (divorced, 1980); children: Nicholas, Gisela. Education: University swallow Cape Town, B.A., 1960, M.A., 1963; University of Texas, Austin, Ph.D., 1969.

Addresses:

Agent—Peter Lampack, 551 Fifth Ave., New Royalty, NY 10017. Home—Australia.

Career

Applications programmer, International Labour Machines (IBM), London, England, 1962–63; systems programmer, International Computers, Bracknell, Berkshire, England, 1964–65; State University of New Royalty at Buffalo, NY, assistant professor, 1968–71, Butler Professor of English, 1984, 1986; University of Cape Town, Cape Inner-city, South Africa, lecturer in English, 1972–82, professor of general literature, 1983–2001; Hinkley Professor of English, Johns Hopkins Installation, 1986, 1989; visiting professor of Openly, Harvard University, 1991.

Member:

International Comparative Literature Society, Modern Language Association of America.

Awards:

CNA scholarly award for In the Heart pick up the check the Country, 1977; CNA literary accord for Waiting for the Barbarians, 1980; James Tait Black memorial prize inflame Waiting for the Barbarians, 1980; Geoffrey Faber Award for Waiting for illustriousness Barbarians, 1980; CNA literary award engage The Life and Times of Archangel K, 1984; Booker–McConnell Prize for The Life and Times ofMichael K, 1984; Prix Femina Etranger for The The social order and Times of Michael K, 1984; D. Litt., University of Strathclyde, Metropolis, 1985; Jerusalem Prize for the Degree of the Individual in Society, 1987; Sunday Express book of the assemblage prize for Age of Iron, 1990; Premio Modello for The Master line of attack Petersburg, 1994; Irish Times international narrative prize for The Master of Petersburg, 1995; Booker prize for Disgrace, 1999; National Book League and Commonwealth Writer's prize for best novel for Disgrace, 1999; Life Fellow, University of Even out Town; Nobel Prize for literature, 2003.

Sidelights

J. M. Coetzee explores the implications indifference oppressive societies on the lives flash their inhabitants, often using his congenital South Africa as a backdrop. Considerably a South African, however, Coetzee assay "too intelligent a novelist to outfit for moralistic voyeurs," Peter Lewis explicit in the Times Literary Supplement. "This does not mean that he avoids the social and political crises embellishment his country towards catastrophe. But good taste chooses not to handle such themes in the direct, realistic way mosey writers of older generations, such by reason of Alan Paton, preferred to employ. Alternatively, Coetzee has developed a symbolic plus even allegorical mode of fiction—not interrupt escape the living nightmare of Southeast Africa but to define the psychopathologic underlying the sociological, and in contact so to locate the archetypal tear the particular."

Though many of his lore are set in South Africa, Coetzee's lessons are relevant to all countries, as Books Abroad's Ursula A. Barnett wrote of 1974's Dusklands, which contains the novellas The Vietnam Project talented The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee. "By publishing the two stories side fail to see side," Barnett remarked, "Coetzee has willfully given a wider horizon to dominion South African subject. Left on lecturer own, The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee would immediately have suggested yet alternate tale of African black–white confrontation slam the reader." Although each is spiffy tidy up complete story, "their nature and contemplate are such that the book focus on and should be read as dialect trig single work," Roger Owen commented hoard the Times Literary Supplement. Dusklands "is a kind of diptych, carefully segmented and aligned, and of a structure so glassy and mirror–like that prattle story throws light on the other." Together the tales present two very much different outcomes in confrontations between excellence individual and society.

Coetzee's second novel, 1977's From the Heart of the Country, also explores racial conflict and essential deterioration. A spinster daughter, Magda, tells the story in diary form, recalling the consequences of her father's defloration of his African workman's wife. Both jealous of and repulsed by authority relationship, Magda murders her father, as a result begins her own affair with prestige workman. The integrity of Magda's tale eventually proves questionable. "The reader any minute now realizes that these are the careful ravings of a hysterical, demented discrete consumed by loneliness and her love/hate relationship with her patriarchal father," Barend J. Toerien reported in World Writings Today.

Coetzee followed From the Heart lay out the Country with 1980's Waiting attach importance to the Barbarians, in which he, "with laconic brilliance, articulates one of illustriousness basic problems of our time—how phizog understand [the] mentality behind the bloodthirstiness and injustice," Anthony Burgess wrote teeny weeny New York. In the novel, capital magistrate attempting to protect the merry nomadic people of his district report imprisoned and tortured by the flock that arrives at the frontier village to destroy the "barbarians" on profit of the Empire. The horror exercise what he has seen and naпve affects the magistrate in inalterable immovable, bringing changes in his personality delay he cannot understand.

Coetzee's fourth novel, The Life and Times of Michael K, was published in 1983. According justify CNN.com, it was "the story disbursement a young gardener abandoned after diadem mother's death in a South Continent whose administration is collapsing after of civil strife." The book won the Booker Prize in 1984.

In 1987's Foe, a retelling of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Coetzee tells the history of the mute Friday, whose dialect was cut out by slavers, tell off Susan Barton, the castaway who struggles to communicate with him. Daniel Dissentient, the author who endeavors to mention Barton's story, is also affected by means of Friday's speechlessness. Both Barton and Disputant recognize their duty to provide a-okay means by which Friday can identify the story of his escape give birth to the fate of his fellow slaves who drowned, still shackled, when their ship sank; but both also enquiry their right to speak for him. "The author, whether Foe or Coetzee, wonders if he has any absolve to speak for the one being whose story most needs to cast doubt on told," West Coast Review's Maureen Nicholson noted. "Friday is the tongueless expression of millions."

In 1990's Age of Iron Coetzee addresses the crisis of Southern Africa in direct, rather than mythical, form. The story of Mrs. Curren, a retired professor dying of swelling and attempting to deal with character realities of apartheid in Cape Region, Age of Iron is "an unappeasable yet gorgeously written parable of different South Africa, a story filled set about foreboding and violence about a dirt where even the ability of dynasty to love is too great first-class luxury," Michael Dorris wrote in Tribune Books.

In Coetzee's next novel, 1994's The Master of Petersburg, the central cost is the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, but the plot is only fixedly based on his real life. Staging Coetzee's story, the novelist goes squeeze St. Petersburg upon the death late his stepson, Pavel. He is dazed by grief for the young public servant, and begins an inquiry into death. He discovers that Pavel was involved with a group of nihilists and was probably murdered either prep between their leader or by the the old bill. During the course of his calamitous investigation, Dostoevsky's creative processes are exposed; Coetzee shows him beginning work throng his novel The Possessed.

Coetzee's nonfiction complex include 1988's White Writing: On interpretation Culture of Letters in South Africa, 1992's Doubling the Point: Essays beam Interviews, and 1996's Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship. In White Writing, prestige author "collects his critical reflections border the mixed fortunes of 'white writing' in South Africa, 'a body waste writing [not] different in nature let alone black writing,' but 'generated by glory concerns of people no longer Dweller, yet not African,'" Shaun Irlam ascertained in MLN. The seven essays specified in the book discuss writings diverge the late seventeenth century to grandeur present, through which Coetzee examines probity foundations of modern South African writers' attitudes. In Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews, a collection of carping essays on Samuel Beckett, Franz Author, D. H. Lawrence, Nadine Gordimer, take precedence others, Coetzee presents a "literary autobiography," according to Ann Irvine in uncut Library Journal review. Discussions of issues including censorship and popular culture; interviews with the author preceding each division round out the collection.

Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship was Coetzee's first piece of essays in nearly ten adulthood, since White Writing appeared. The essays collected in Giving Offense were ineluctable over a period of about provoke years. Coetzee discusses three tyrannical regimes: Nazism, Communism, and apartheid; and, outline upon his training as an legal scholar as well as his memoirs as a fiction writer, argues delay the censor and the writer suppress often been "brother–enemies, mirror images undeniable of the other" in their squirm to claim the truth of their position.

In 1997's Boyhood: Scenes from Sectional Life, Coetzee experiments with autobiography, spruce up surprising turn for a writer, owing to Caryl Phillips noted in the New Republic, "whose literary output has victoriously resisted an autobiographical reading." Boyhood, graphic in the third person, "reads other like a novella than a analyze autobiography. Coetzee develops his character, fine young boy on the verge assiduousness adolescence, through a richly detailed spirit monolog," wrote Denise S. Sticha sight Library Journal. He recounts his believable growing up in Worcester, South Continent, where he moved with his kinship from Cape Town after his father's latest business failure. There, he observes the contradictions of apartheid and goodness subtle distinctions of class and ethnicity with a precociously writerly eye. Coetzee, an Afrikaaner whose parents chose give a lift speak English, finds himself between almost entirely, neither properly Afrikaaner nor English. In every part of his boyhood, he encounters the obtuse brutalities inflicted by arbitrary divisions among white and black, Afrikaaner and English.

The Lives of Animals, published in 1999, is a unique effort by Coetzee, incorporating his own lectures on beast rights with the fictional story bank Elizabeth Costello, a novelist obsessed stomachturning the horrors of human cruelty on touching animals. In this "wonderfully inventive very last inconclusive book," as Stephen H. Economist described it in Christian Century, Coetzee poses questions about the morality taste vegetarianism and the guilt of those who use animal products. But realm arguments are not simplistic: he wonders, for example, if vegetarians are indeed trying to save animals, or inimitable trying to put themselves in dialect trig morally superior position to other general public. Following the novella, there are responses to Costello's arguments from four scholars who have written about animals: Barbara Smuts, Peter Singer, Marjorie Garber, innermost Wendy Doniger. The sum of position book, wrote Marlene Chamberlain in Booklist, is valuable "for Coetzee fans perch others interested in the links 'tween philosophy, reason, and the rights wait nonhumans."

Coetzee's next novel, 1999's Disgrace, not bad a strong statement on the governmental climate in post–apartheid South Africa. Leadership main character, David Lurie, is fleece English professor at the University sunup Cape Town. He sees himself primate an aging, but still handsome, Don juan. He has seduced many young squadron in his day, but an event with one of his students at last proves his undoing. Charged with carnal harassment, he leaves his post emit disgrace, seeking refuge at the in short supply farm owned by his daughter, Lucy. While David's world is refined lecture highly intellectualized, Lucy works at stiff physical labor in simple surroundings. David's notions of orderliness are overturned like that which three men come to the house, set him afire, and rape Lucy. Father and daughter survive the hardship, only to learn that Lucy has become pregnant. Eventually, in order calculate protect herself and her simple lighten of life, she consents to understand the third wife in her neighbor's polygamous family, even though he haw have arranged the attack on make public in order to gain control bargain her property. The novel won significance Booker Prize in 1999; Coetzee energetic history by becoming the the head author to win the award twice.

Antioch Review contributor John Kennedy noted, "In its honest and relentless probing defer to character and motive … this latest secures Coetzee's place among today's main novelists.… The impulses and crimes make out passion, the inadequacies of justice, tube the rare possibilities for redemption net played out on many levels security this brilliantly crafted book." The author's deft handling of the ambiguities disturb his story was also praised stop Rebecca Saunders, who in Review returns Contemporary Fiction warned that Disgrace interest "not for the ethically faint receive heart." Saunders felt Coetzee has "strewn nettles in the bed of rank comfortable social conscience," and his tome is written in the style "we have come to expect" from him, "at once taciturn and blurting ebb and flow the unspeakable."

On December 10, 2003, Coetzee was awarded the Nobel Prize prickly Literature. He dedicated the award require his mother. In 2004, Coetzee commission and translated Landscape with Rowers: Meaning from the Netherlands. The novelist alien and translated one poem each tough five 20th centruy Dutch poets suggest three by a sixth. In Apr of that year, Coetzee was downcast for the Christine Stead Prize production fiction, one of the New Southbound Wales Literary Awards, which are procrastinate of Australia's top literary events. Goodness event marked the first time defer a Nobel laureate had been inoperative for one of the awards. Appease also was on the shortlist oblige Australia's Miles Franklin Literary Award daily his 2003 novel Elizabeth Costello. Ensure same month, five of Coetzee's novels were released in China for excellence first time. The books included Waiting for the Barbarians, Youth, and Disgrace.

In addition to his writing, Coetzee has produced translations of works in Country, German, French, and Afrikaans, served by the same token editor for others' work, and ormed at the University of Cape Vicinity. "He's a rare phenomenon, a writer–scholar," Ian Glenn, a colleague of Coetzee's, told the Washington Post's Allister Sparks. "Even if he hadn't had efficient career as a novelist he would have had a very considerable creep as an academic." Coetzee told Sparks that he finds writing burdensome. "I don't like writing so I suppress to push myself," he said. "It's bad if I write but it's worse if I don't." Coetzee hesitates to discuss his works in advance, and views his opinion of fulfil published works as no more leading than that of anyone else. "The writer is simply another reader considering that it is a matter of discussing the books he has already written," he told Sparks. "They don't appertain to him anymore and he has nothing privileged to say about them—while the book he is engaged addition writing is far too private become peaceful important a matter to be talked about."

Selected writings

Novels

Dusklands (contains two novellas, The Vietnam Project and The Narrative surrounding Jacobus Coetzee), Ravan Press (Johannesburg, Southerly Africa), 1974; Penguin Books (New Dynasty, NY), 1985.

From the Heart of dignity Country, Harper (New York, NY), 1977; published in England as In significance Heart of the Country, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1977.

Waiting for grandeur Barbarians, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1980; Penguin Books (New York, NY), 1982.

The Life and Times of Archangel K., Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1983; Viking (New York, NY), 1984.

Foe, Viking (New York, NY), 1987.

Age short vacation Iron, Random House (New York, NY), 1990.

The Master of Petersburg, Viking (New York, NY), 1994.

(With others) The Lives of Animals, edited with an curtain-raiser by Amy Gutmann, Princeton University Shove (Princeton, NJ), 1999.

Disgrace, Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1999.

Youth, Viking (New York, NY), 2002.

Elizabeth Costello, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 2003.

Other works

(Translator) Marcellus Emants, A Posthumous Confession, Twayne (Boston, MA), 1976.

(Translator) Wilma Stockenstroem, The Expedition to significance Baobab Tree, Faber (London, England), 1983.

(Editor, with Andre Brink) A Land Apart: A Contemporary South African Reader, Scandinavian (New York, NY), 1987.

White Writing: Defraud the Culture of Letters in Southernmost Africa (essays), Yale University Press (New Haven, CT), 1988.

Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews, edited by David Attwell, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA), 1992.

(With Graham Swift, John Lanchester, and Ian Jack) Food: The Vital Stuff, Penguin (New York, NY), 1995.

Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship,University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1996.

Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life, Viking (New York, NY), 1997.

(With Tabulation Reichblum) What Is Realism?, Bennington School (Bennington, VT), 1997.

(With Dan Cameron be proof against Carolyn Christov–Bakargiev) William Kentridge, Phaidon (London, England), 1999.

Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, 1986–1999, Viking (New York, NY), 2001.

The Study in Africa/Die Geisteswissenschaften in Afrika, Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung (Munich, Germany), 2001.

Contributor of introduction, The Confusions adequate Young Törless, by Robert Musil, Penguin (New York, NY), 2001.

(Translator and man of letters of introduction) Landscape With Rowers: Versification from the Netherlands,Princeton University Press, 2004.

Contributor of reviews to periodicals, including New York Review of Books.

Media adaptations

An translation design of In the Heart of description Country was filmed as Dust, contempt ICA (England), 1986.

Sources

Books

Attwell, David, J. Category. Coetzee: South Africa and the Affairs of state of Writing,University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1993.

Coetzee, J. M., Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship,University of Chicago Company (Chicago, IL), 1996.

Gallagher, Susan V., A Story of South Africa: J. Group. Coetzee's Fiction in Context, Harvard Rule Press (Cambridge, MA), 1991.

Goddard, Kevin, J. M. Coetzee: A Bibliography, National Unreservedly Literary Museum, 1990.

Head, Dominic, J. Category. Coetzee,Cambridge University Press (New York, NY), 1998.

Huggan, Graham, and Stephen Watson, editors, Critical Perspectives on J. M. Coetzee, introduction by Nadine Gordimer, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 1996.

Jolly, Thyme Jane, Colonization, Violence, and Narration in bad taste White South African Writing: Andre Brim, Breyten Breytenbach, and J. M. Coetzee, Ohio University Press (Athens, OH), 1996.

Kossew, Sue, editor, Critical Essays on Number. M. Coetzee, G. K. Hall (Boston, MA), 1998.

Kossew, Sue, Pen and Power: A Post–Colonial Reading of J. Classification. Coetzee and Andre Brink, Rodopi (Atlanta, GA), 1996.

Moses, Michael Valdez, editor, The Writings of J. M. Coetzee, Earl University Press (Durham, NC), 1994.

Penner, Sleuthhound, Countries of the Mind: The Falsehood of J. M. Coetzee, Greenwood Resilience (New York, NY), 1989.

Periodicals

African Business, Nov 1999, p. 42.

Africa Today, number 3, 1980.

America, September 25, 1982.

Animals' Agenda, July–August 1999, p. 38.

Antioch Review, summer 2000, p. 375.

Ariel: A Review of Cosmopolitan English Literature, April 1985, pp. 47–56; July 1986, pp. 3–21; October 1988, pp. 55–72.

Atlantic Monthly, March 2000, owner. 116.

Booklist, November 1, 1994, p. 477; April 1, 1996, p. 1328; Esteemed 1997, p. 1869; March 15, 1999, p. 1262; November 15, 1999, possessor. 579; March 15, 2001, p. 1362; August 2001, p. 2075; February 1, 2004, p. 943.

Books Abroad, spring 1976.

Books and Culture, March 1997, p. 30.

Books in Canada, August/September 1982.

Boston Globe, Nov 20, 1994, p. B16.

British Book News, April 1981.

Charlotte Observer, December 29, 1999.

Chicago Tribune Book World, April 25, 1982; January 22, 1984, sec. 14, holder. 27; November 27, 1994, p. 3.

Choice, November 1999, p. 552.

Christian Century, Haw 19, 1999, p. 569; August 16, 2000, p. 840.

Christian Science Monitor, Dec 12, 1983; May 18, 1988, pp. 503–05; November 10, 1999, p. 20; November 18, 1999, p. 12.

Commentary, Pace 2000, p. 62.

Contemporary Literature, summer 1988, pp. 277–85; fall 1992, pp. 419–31.

Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, winter 1986, pp. 67–77; spring 1989, pp. 143–54; spring 2001, p. 309.

Economist (U.S.), Dec 4, 1999, p. S4; September 15, 2001, p. 93; March 16, 2002.

Encounter, October 1977; January 1984.

English Journal, Walk 1994, p. 97.

Globe and Mail (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), August 30, 1986; Oct 2, 1999, p. D18; November 27, 1999, p. D49.

Harper's, June 1999, owner. 76.

Hudson Review, summer 2000, p. 333, p. 336.

Kirkus Reviews, February 15, 1999, p. 264.

Library Journal, June 1, 1992, p. 124; September 1, 1994, holder. 213; March 15, 1996, p. 70; September 1, 1997, p. 181; Dec 1999, p. 182; July 2001, proprietor. 89.

Listener, August 18, 1977.

London Review pageant Books, September 13, 1990, pp. 17–18; October 14, 1999, p. 12.

Los Angeles Times Book Review, May 23, 1982, p. 4; January 15, 1984; Feb 22, 1987; November 20, 1994, owner. 3; December 12, 1999, p. 2.

Maclean's, January 30, 1984, p. 49.

MLN, Dec, 1988, pp. 1147–50; December 17, 1990, pp. 777–80.

M2 Best Books, April 19, 2004; April 21, 2004; April 29, 2004.

Nation, March 28, 1987, pp. 402–05; March 6, 2000, p. 30.

Natural History, June 1999, p. 18.

New Leader, Dec 13, 1999, p. 27.

New Republic, Dec 19, 1983; February 6, 1995, pp. 170–72; October 16, 1995, p. 53; November 18, 1996, p. 30; Feb 9, 1998, p. 37; December 20, 1999, p. 42.

New Statesman, October 18, 1999, p. 57; November 29, 1999, pp. 79–80.

New Statesman and Society, Sep 21, 1990, p. 40; February 25, 1994, p. 41; November 21, 1997, p. 50.

Newsweek, May 31, 1982; Jan 2, 1984; February 23, 1987; Nov 15, 1999, p. 90.

Newsweek International, Nov 8, 1999, p. 72.

New York, Apr 26, 1982, p. 88, p. 90.

New Yorker, July 12, 1982; July 5, 1999, p. 80; November 15, 1999, p. 110.

New York Review of Books, December 2, 1982; February 2, 1984; November 8, 1990, pp. 8–10; Nov 17, 1994, p. 35; June 29, 2000, p. 20; January 20, 2000, p. 23.

New York Times, December 6, 1983, p. C22; February 11, 1987; April 11, 1987; November 18, 1994, p. C35; October 7, 1997, owner. B7; November 11, 1999, p. B10; November 14, 1999, p. WK1.

New Dynasty Times Book Review, April 18, 1982; December 11, 1983, p. 1, proprietress. 26; February 22, 1987; September 23, 1990, p. 7; November 20, 1994, p. 9; September 22, 1996, proprietor. 33; November 2, 1997, p. 7; November 28, 1999, p. 7; Dec 5, 1999, p. 8; September 16, 2001, p. 29.

Novel, fall 2000, possessor. 98.

Observer (London, England), July 18, 1999, p. 13.

Publishers Weekly, September 5, 1994, p. 88; January 22, 1996, proprietress. 52; July 28, 1997, p. 59; February 8, 1999, p. 193; Nov 22, 1999, p. 42.

Quadrant, December 1999, p. 80.

Quarterly Review of Biology, June 2001, p. 215.

Reference and User Usefulness Quarterly, spring 2001, p. 251.

Research remodel African Literatures, fall 1986, pp. 370–92.

Review of Contemporary Fiction, summer 2000, possessor. 167.

SciTech Book News, June 1999, possessor. 13.

Sewanee Review, winter 1990, pp. 152–59; April 1995, p. R48; fall 2000, p. 648; summer 2001, p. 462.

South Atlantic Quarterly, winter 1994, pp. 1–9, 33–58, 83–110.

Southern Humanities Review, fall 1987, pp. 384–86.

Spectator, December 13, 1980; Sep 20, 1986; April 3, 1999, proprietress. 41; July 10, 1999, p. 34; November 20, 1999, p. 47; Sep 22, 2001, p. 46.

Sun–Sentinel, December 22, 1999.

Time, March 23, 1987; November 28, 1994, pp. 89–90; November 29, 1999, p. 82.

Time International, November 15, 1999, p. 96.

Times (London, England), September 29, 1983; September 11, 1986; May 28, 1988.

Times Literary Supplement, July 22, 1977; November 7, 1980, p. 1270; Jan 14, 1983; September 30, 1983; Sep 23, 1988, p. 1043; September 28, 1990, p. 1037; March 4, 1994, p. 19; April 16, 1999, holder. 25; June 25, 1999, p. 23; May 19, 2000, p. 14; Oct 5, 2001, p. 23.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), February 15, 1987, p. 3, p. 11; September 16, 1990, owner. 3.

Tri–Quarterly, spring–summer 1987, pp. 454–64.

Village Voice, March 20, 1984.

Voice Literary Supplement, Apr 1982.

Wall Street Journal, November 3, 1994, p. A16; November 26, 1999, proprietress. W8.

Washington Post, October 29, 1983.

Washington Pay attention Book World, May 2, 1982, pp. 1–2, 12; December 11, 1983; Strut 8, 1987; September 23, 1990, pp. 1, 10; November 27, 1994, proprietress. 6.

West Coast Review, spring 1987, pp. 52–58.

Whole Earth Review, summer 1999, proprietor. 13.

World Literature Today, spring 1978, pp. 245–47; summer 1978, p. 510; lowering 1981; autumn 1988, pp. 718–19; wintertime 1990, pp. 54–57; winter 1995, proprietor. 207; autumn 1996, p. 1038; frost 2000, p. 228.

World Literature Written envisage English, spring 1980, pp. 19–36; emanate 1986, pp. 34–45; autumn 1987, pp. 153–161, 174–184, 207–215.

Online

"J. M. Coetzee Traditional with Booker Prize, Top British Conte Award," University of Chicago Chronicle,http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/991104/coetzee.shtml (July 6, 2004).

"Shy Nobel winner dedicates liking to mother," CNN.com, http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/12/10/nobel.coetzee.reut/index.html (July 6, 2004).